Biology syllubus 2022 11th


Term – II


Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function

Chapter-10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance
Unit-IV Plant Physiology

Chapter-13: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis, pigments involved in
photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis;
cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration; C3 and
C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis.

Chapter-14: Respiration in Plants

Exchange of gases; cellular respiration - glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and
electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations - number of ATP molecules generated;
amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient.

Chapter-15: Plant - Growth and Development

Growth regulators - auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA.
Unit-V Human Physiology

Chapter-17: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; mechanism of
breathing and its regulation in humans - exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of
respiration, respiratory volume; disorders related to respiration - asthma, emphysema,
occupational respiratory disorders.

Chapter-18: Body Fluids and Circulation

Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its
function; human circulatory system - Structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle,
cardiac output, ECG; double circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory
system - hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure.

Chapter-19: Excretory Products and their Elimination

Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system –
structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function - renin -
angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders - uremia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant.

Chapter-20: Locomotion and Movement

Skeletal muscle, contractile proteins and muscle contraction.

Chapter-21: Neural Control and Coordination

Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans - central nervous system; peripheral nervous
system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse.

Chapter-22: Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system - hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal,
thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea);
role of hormones as messengers and regulators, hypo - and hyperactivity and related disorders;
dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease.
Note: Diseases related to all the human physiological systems to be taught in brief.

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